Neutralization
Neutralization occurs when there are the same number of H+ ions as OH- ions. There are four ways to neutralize:
Different acids are used to make different types of salts. There are three main families of salts:
Complete the following neutralization reactions:
1. HBr + KOH = _______ + _________
2. HClO2 + KOH = _________ + ________
Solutions:
1. H+ and OH- combine to form H2O. What is left over (K and Br) combine to form the salt. Therefore...
HBr + KOH = KBr + H2O
2. H+ and OH- combine to form H2O. What is left over (ClO2 and K) combine to form the salt. Therefore... HClO2 + KOH = KClO2 + H2O
Note: In a salt, write the metal first and the nonmetal last. Metals appear to the left of the "staircase" on the Periodic Table; nonmetals appear to the right of the "staircase." Follow this link for the periodic table: /periodic-table.html
To learn about neutralization through a titration experiment, follow this link: /titration.html
- 1. acid + base = salt + water. The salt formed is an ionic compound whose positive ion comes from the base and whose negative ion comes from the acid. Example: CuO + H2SO4 = H2SO4 + H2O
- 2. acid + metal = salt + hydrogen gas. Acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas. Example: 2HCl + Zn = H2 + ZnCl2
- 3. acid + metal carbonate= salt + water + carbon dioxide Example: PbCO3+ H2SO4 = PbSO4+ H2O+ CO2
- 4. acid + alkali = salt + water
Different acids are used to make different types of salts. There are three main families of salts:
- 1. Chlorides. One way to make a chloride is by combining hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide: HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O
- 2. Sulfates. One way to make a sulfate is by combining sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide: H2SO4 + KOH = K2SO4+ H2O
- 3. Nitrates. One way to make a nitrate is by combining nitric acid and lithium hydroxide: HNO3+ LiOH = LiNO3+ H2O
Complete the following neutralization reactions:
1. HBr + KOH = _______ + _________
2. HClO2 + KOH = _________ + ________
Solutions:
1. H+ and OH- combine to form H2O. What is left over (K and Br) combine to form the salt. Therefore...
HBr + KOH = KBr + H2O
2. H+ and OH- combine to form H2O. What is left over (ClO2 and K) combine to form the salt. Therefore... HClO2 + KOH = KClO2 + H2O
Note: In a salt, write the metal first and the nonmetal last. Metals appear to the left of the "staircase" on the Periodic Table; nonmetals appear to the right of the "staircase." Follow this link for the periodic table: /periodic-table.html
To learn about neutralization through a titration experiment, follow this link: /titration.html